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The historical centre of Castiglione del Lago has several elements that make it unique in the architectural landscape of Umbria. On the orders of Frederick II, Friar Elia da Cortona, between 1247 and 1250, transformed the small fishing village, surrounded by walls and with a tower at the top of the promontory, into a veritable castle town that closed towards the lake with an impregnable fortress. The hillock where the village stood was flattened and levelled, and mighty outer walls were erected from the base of the hillock, so that the level of the town centre is more than 20 metres higher than that of the wall base. Three gates opened here, with three streets and three squares. The donjon was also built of only 3 sides, to emphasise the number 3 indicative of the Holy Trinity.